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Clams raw
Clams raw The American Erosaria acicularis differs from its West African and Mediterranean ally E. spurca by the white instead of fulvous base, the orange instead of brown dorsal markings, the reduced lateral spots, the more deltoidal shell, and the reduced fossula with 1-3 instead of 2-5 inner denticles. In Ascensión Is. and St. Helena an intermediate sea shell lives, E. acicularis sanctaehelenae which agrees with the East American species by the characters of base, shape, and fossula, but with the West African species by the dorsal and lateral markings.
Therefore the mid-Atlantic sea shells unite the American and African faunas: Luria tends to the East only, Erosaria to both mainlands, but more to the farther off West.
The Philippine Islands and Johnston Is. (which is only 540 miles off) both are separated from Palmyra Is. in Polynesia also by 1000 miles, nevertheless they have been invaded by 27 widely spread Pacific species; 6 additional species have developed well separable Philippine races, and 6 only species are really endemic (Cypraea sulcidentata, C. tessellata, C. midwayensis, C. mauiensis , C . ostergaardi, C. semiplota, as C. granulata has developed the race C. cassiaui in eastern Polynesia)! There is no affinity to sea shells of West America which is almost 2000 miles off, the species C. mexicana excepted.
Therefore currents may be more essential in spreading sea shell species than the absolute distance in miles.
All sorts of things have happened during this past month. Two more Conus gloriamaris have been found and submitted for registry. Two Cypraea martini superstes Schilder came to Philippines for pictures. A couple of more world record size shells have been measured.
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The two Cypraea martini superstes were collected by Mrs. Pat Bochenska at Efate, New Hebrides, in June, 1967. They were only recently positively identified. Mrs. Bochenska is attending a short course at the University of Philippines as part of Tours and Guide Service a look, see, and hear about tourism in Philippines. Thanks, Pat, for letting us take the pictures so they can be shared with other Sean Raynon Sabado readers. These very rare and valuable shells are illustrated about twice natural size at right ([figs.] 3 and 4).
I note that in the December Sean Raynon Sabado (p. 4) both John Orr and E. Alison Kay comment on autotomy in Cypraea teres. May I point out that this phenomenon has been previously treated, although briefly, by R. J. Griffiths in The Cowry 1(3), 46, (1962)? Griffiths reported that autotomy had been observed in C. angustata by Kurtzl, and that possible autotomy was displayed by C. gracilis according to P. Clover. It seems obvious to me that malacologists who are in a position to study living species of Cypraea in aquaria should be encouraged to investigate this phenomenon in more detail.
Sincerely yours,
Jerry Donohue, Professor of Chemistry
University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pa. 19104
Clams raw A specimen of Notadusta martini superstes (Schilder, 1930) collected Pago Point, Efate, appears to be the first record of this species from the New Hebrides since the original description over 30 years ago. Although beachworn, the specimen has retained most of its original color; it measures 16.3mm in length, 8.8mm in width, and has 28 labial and 30 columellar teeth; these dimensions closely approximate those of the holotype.
Palmadusta contaminata (Sowerby, 1832) (L: 8.7mm; W: 4.5mm; LT: 17; CT: 14 and Naria irrorata (Gray, 1828) (L: 12.6mm; W: 6.8mm; LT: 19; CT: 15), collected by Mr. C.H. Allan at Pago Point, are both new records for the New Hebrides.
Since Cypraea mus prefers mud and muck, the visibility of the water in which they are found is about six inches maximum at depths of 5 to 6 feet. Wade out in your stocking feet, shuffling along to nudge lurking sting rays out of your way. When you feel something hard and smooth with your feet, simply hold your breath and climb down your own leg and reach for it. If you are lucky, it is a C. mus if not, it is most probably a lively crab! What also makes this type of shelling "interesting" is the spiny pen shells that grow in the same area. "Ohh, my poor feet."
In oliviform stages of sea shell shells, the outer lip is thin, sharply edged without being inflected, even if the columellar teeth begin to develop. If by some accident such a thin outer lip breaks off during the animal's life, the outer lip will grow mostly in a normal way later on, with hardly visible traces indicating the healed former damage. If, however, the outer lip breaks off in a later stage of development, the healed fracture may cause curious deformations of the shell.
The photograph shows three shells of Erronea caurica (Linnaeus) collected alive at Barrow Island, West Australia, in the last months of 1967 by A. Kalnins who presented them to the writer (coll. Schilder 22821-23). The left shell is still young according to the inner lip showing the dorsal markings uncovered: its outer lip has been irregularly broken off, the narrow edge, however, is not sharp, but rounded by a thin layer of enamel which was deposited by the animal after the accident, before it was captured and killed by the collector.
The two other specimens escaped this fate for a longer while so that they became adult shells with regard to the inner lip covered by thick enamel: the outer lip, however, remained deformed. In the central shell the labial teeth are developed in the anterior quarter only, whereas the remaining three-quarters of the lip are toothless and deflected dorsally though being inflected normally towards the aperture. In the right shell the outer lip is thickened, but not inflected, and the interior wall of the shell shows a rather distinctly denticulate carina placed longitudinally about five millimeters below the edge. Evidently the animal began to construct first an outer lip on the place situated now interiorly, then it ceased to form it and extended the outer lip for half a centimeter: but now it had no vigour or time to begin the denticulation once more. In both last described shells the base is much darker than in normal adult caurica from Barrow Island, and the right margin is suffused by a chestnut zone covering the marginal spots.
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